Tag Archive for 'state standards'

E.D. Hirsch, Jr.’s “Modest Proposal” to Fix State Standards

American Educator If low performance on reading tests is a function of poor content knowledge, and if broad swaths of the school day are wasted practicing reading strategies on content-free reading, why not solve both problems with reading tests that cover explicit content standards? That’s the “modest proposal” put forth by Core Knowledge founder E.D. Hirsch, Jr. in the new issue of American Educator (PDF).

Hirsch has long argued that content knowledge is the key to reading comprehension, and describes the long periods devoted to language arts, the de rigueur reading block, as a “cognitive wasteland.” Instead he proposes language arts standards that specify literary works and techniques, and directly correspond to the content standards in other subjects—especially science and social studies. Why? Because some of those non-literary topics are going to show up in passages on the reading tests.

“So my modest proposal is that reading tests should contain passages about specific topics taught not just in literature, but in all other subjects taught in that grade, except for math,” writes Hirsch. “For instance, if third-grade language arts standards specify Alice in Wonderland, third-grade science standards call for studying the speed of light, and third-grade social studies standards include the Vikings’ explorations of North America, then passages on the third-grade reading test should cover those same topics. We would then have true curriculum-based reading tests instead of the mysterious tests we now have. This cunning device would make tests fairer and pedagogically more useful, and boost our students’ abilities.”

As long as reading is viewed as a discrete set of skills that can be transferred from text to text, practiced and perfected, schools will continue to spend a disproportionate amount of time on test prep. Hirsch’s proposal is a nifty piece of intellectual jujitsu, which would make test prep make sense.

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School is in, Senator McCain

The Weekly StandardNow that John McCain is the GOP nominee, he can count on all kinds of advice from the education commentariat. First up, Fordham’s Checker Finn and Michael J. Petrilli, who offer the Republican standard bearer some suggestions in the Weekly Standard. Noting that McCain “doesn’t consider education a top presidential priority” and has had little to say on the subject, they sugggest McCain integrate education within his larger platform, which promotes a strong, competitive America.

“Start by playing to your strengths, Senator, fitting education policy within three broad themes of your candidacy and worldview: keeping America confident in the face of Islamic terrorism, strengthening our ability to compete in a globalizing world economy, and fighting wasteful spending,” Finn and Petrilli offer. Give U.S. schoolkids a deep knowledge of U.S. history and America’s role as freedom’s champion. “That means not letting history and civics get squeezed out of the curriculum by NCLB’s obsession with reading and math scores,” they write.

Most intriguingly, Finn and Petrilli argue McCain should urge governors “to develop a set of common, rigorous expectations and assessments for all young Americans from Okeechobee to Walla Walla. And he could push Congress to rewrite NCLB so it focuses not just on academic stragglers but also on our savviest youngsters, too.”

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Denver Announces Growth Model Accountability System

Rocky Mountain NewsThe city of Denver has announced a growth-model accountability system to measure school performance. The inititative is backed by $4.75 million raised from the Dell and Broad Foundations.

According to the Rocky Mountain News, the most innovative piece “compares Denver Public School students with students statewide who have similar performance histories on state exams. With the Colorado Department of Education, the district will track how DPS pupils do compared to those peers and judge their schools based on jumps or drops in performance.”

Non-academic factors such as “whether families are returning to the same schools from one year to the next” will be weighed. “DPS schools will receive an overall rating, based on up to 42 indicators, but [DPS Superintendent Michael] Bennet said those rating names have yet to be determined. It’s also unclear exactly when parents will see the new report cards, though it likely will be before the end of this school year,” the paper reports.

The paper also reports the system could go statewide, potentially great news for Core Knowledge advocates, since the state has more CK schools than any other.

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Talking NCLB

Diane Rehm ShowGreg Toppo of USA Today, Ed Trust’s Amy Wilkins, Joel Packer of the NEA and others chew on No Child Left Behind on WAMU’s Diane Rehm show (Katty Kay of the BBC guest hosts). Listen here.

Wilkins understates the degree to which testing has narrowed curriculum, but lays the blame on the states anyway. “What we’ve seen in too many states and too many school districts, is they’re leaving teachers without a good strong curriculum,” says Wilkins, who wants to see the Feds “provide states with money to develop good strong rich curriculum tools. The way to raise student achievement is a broad, rich, deep curriculum. The problem is the states and the districts haven’t provided teachers with those curriculum tools leaving teachers with only the tests to teach too.”

Toppo points out the futility of talking about comparisons between the U.S. and other countries since “there 50 different standards, one for each state.”

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Accountable Talk

The Boston GlobeMassachusetts’ newly hired state education commissioner Mitchell Dan Chester tells the Boston Globe he’s “not interested in coming to Massachusetts to manage the status quo.” The state is often viewed as a bright spot, with solid numbers on the Massachusetts Comprehensive Assessment System (MCAS), but to his credit, Chester sound utterly clear-eyed about what he’s walking into. “MCAS is an important cornerstone of the reform agenda but the MCAS has its limitations, and is irrelevant to high-achieving suburbs where MCAS is not the driving force,” he tells the paper. “Passing the MCAS doesn’t mean you’re ready for college.” The Globe reports Chester’s youngest son “a 10-year-old with limited language and socialization skills, struggles in school.”

In Pennsylvania, high school students could have to pass a new series of state exams to graduate under a plan approved Thursday by the State Board of Education. A year of hearings will come first. “As a former principal and superintendent,” the state education secretary, Gerald L. Zahorchak tells the New York Times, “I know I shook the hands of a number of students at graduation who were really receiving an empty diploma.”

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Backdoor National Standards

ED in ‘08 / Strong American SchoolsHow do we achieve national standards without making it a top-down demand from Washington? Edin08’s Roy Romer argues for a group of states drafting a set of common standards, benchmarking the standards against high-performing nations, and in what sounds like the highway-aid-for-21-drinking age playbook, giving the states “incentives to adopt the model standards, such as free use of assessments designed to measure performance against the standards, or a new deal under NCLB with different timelines and accountability provisions to support meeting the higher standards.”

So Romer ostensibly says in an interview with this web site.

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Testing, Testing…

Stateline.orgEver wonder how a question ends up on a state test? Who writes, edits and approves it? There’s a nice peek behind the scenes of the $1.1 billion-dollar standardized test business, courtesy of stateline.org. CTB/McGraw-Hill, Educational Testing Service, Harcourt Assessment, Pearson Educational Measurement and Riverside Publishing create and score the tests, and together control about 90 percent of the state-testing business. Stateline’s Pauline Vu also examines the wide chasm in test quality and rigor from state to state. Good stuff.

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What Would Horace Mann Do?

The AtlanticIt’s time to finish what Horace Mann started in 1843 and end local control of schools. Writing in The Atlantic, Matt Miller, a senior fellow at the Center for American Progress, says we must carry the insights of Mann, the father of public education to their logical end and nationalize our schools to some degree.

Describing local control of schools as a uniquely American obsession, Miller convincingly analogizes, “It’s as if after Pearl Harbor, FDR had suggested we prepare for war through the uncoordinated efforts of thousands of small factories. They’d know what kinds of planes and tanks were needed, right?”

When states are allowed to set their own standards, they set the bar low, as the Fordham Foundation’s essential The Proficiency Illusion conclusively proved. Local control also leads to fiscal inequity, Miller argues, since wealthy communities can tax themselves at low rates and still generate more dollars per pupil than poor communities that tax themselves to death. But Miller really hits it on R&D. Local control means there are 15,000 curriculum departments in the U.S., none of which can afford to invest heavily in research. The federal government “now spends $28 billion annually on research at the National Institutes of Health, but only $260 million—not even 1% of that amount—on R&D for education,” Miller writes.

Can’t happen, right? Republicans will reject national standards like a body rejecting a baboon liver. Democrats hate standards, right? Wrong. Miller quotes former Clinton White House chief of staff John Podesta who believes the public is far ahead of the conventional wisdom.

“Once upon a time a national role in retirement funding was anathema; then suddenly, after the Depression, we had Social Security. Once a federal role in health care would have been rejected as socialism; now, federal money accounts for half of what we spend on health care,” writes Miller. “We started down this road on schooling a long time ago. Time now to finish the journey.”

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Required Reading

Rand CorporationThe RAND Review gives NCLB a mixed midterm. RAND makes a good case for national standards and curriculum, noting that while every state has complied with the law by testing students in required grades in reading and math, “student ‘proficiency’ on these tests has little common meaning across states.” The reports first recommendation: “Congress should require similar yardsticks for all states.” RAND also says “Congress should look beyond math, reading, and science” to determine proficiency. Hear, hear.

New YorkerWriting in the New Yorker, Caleb Crain wonders what life will be like if people stop reading. In 1982, 57% of Americans had read a work of creative literature in the previous twelve months. Twenty years later it was down to 47%. Last month, the National Endowment of the Arts report “To Read or Not to Read,” showed correlations between the decline of reading and everything from income disparity and exercise to voting. Meanwhile spending on books is at a 20-year low. “More alarming are indications that Americans are losing not just the will to read but even the ability,” writes Crain, who backs it up with this eyebrow-raising statistic: Only 13% of adults are capable of such tasks as comparing viewpoints in two editorials.

Independent NewsResearchers at Oxford University have determined that there’s no such thing as a “cultural elite,” those who love opera and fine arts but wouldn’t stoop to anything as common as prime-time TV. Most people fall into four categories: univores, who only like popular culture; omnivores, who like everything from opera to soap opera; paucivores, who absorb very little culture; and inactives, who absorb practically none.

The Corvallis (Oregon) Gazette Times in a year-end education roundup replays the plans to redraw school attendance boundaries in the district. Franklin School, which is an Official Core Knowledge visitation site, has no attendance boundary and is open to families by lottery. It also has a long waiting list. Unfortunately, it also has the lowest percentage in the district of low-income students, who would benefit the most from Core Knowledge.

The Washington Post notes that teaching elementary math is tough and will get tougher since U.S. 15-year-olds trail peers from 23 industrialized countries in math. (23 is the number between 22 and 24). Math is too hard? Don’t teach it! A University of Pennsylvania professor says fractions are as “obsolete as Roman numerals” and recommends dropping them from the curriculum in favor of decimals. A five-tenths baked idea if ever I heard one.

In the Blogs… New York City Public Advocate Betsy Gotbaum adds her voice to the growing chorus of those complaining about standardized tests in the Big Apple. NYC Public School Parents spanks the DOE for its “condescending” response… . Mamacita at Scheiss Weekly lays on a passionate rant about the need to see every child as an individual. Hard to do, she notes, in classrooms that are bursting at the seams… . Check out the education jargon generator. Learn to throw around smart-sounding eduspeak like delivering meaning-centered assessment! Enhance child-centered critical thinking! Thanks to Joanne Jacobs for pointing this one out.

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Top-Achieving Nations Beat Top U.S. States in Math and Science

American Institutes for Research

Sean Cavanagh of Education Week reports:

Students in the highest-performing U.S. states rank well below their peers in the world’s top-achieving countries in mathematics and science skill, according to a new study that judges American youths on an international scale.

The study, published Nov. 14 by the American Institutes for Research, compares the performance of 8th graders in individual American states not against each other, but against students in top-performing foreign nations, such as Japan and South Korea, as well as against children in recent lower-scoring ones, such as Bulgaria, Jordan, and Romania.

The analysis found that, on the one hand, most American states are performing as well as, or better than, most foreign nations in the study in math and science.

But it also concludes that even students in states such as Massachusetts, Minnesota, and North Dakota, which have scored well on recent U.S. exams, do not match students in top-performing foreign countries.

Read the complete Education Week article

Read the complete American Institute for Research press release

Read the complete American Institute for Research report

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